Russian Academy of Sciences

Founded by Peter the Great in 1724, the Academy has responded to the demands of the epoch by its scientific investigations and publications and made quite quickly the scientific achievements of the European level. The traditions and scientific schools formed in the Academy are worthy of the top scientific establishment of the country. The best of them have preserved and are developing today, thus maintaining a high level of the scientific and technological, educational and spiritual potential of the country.

 The history of the Russian Academy of Sciences is, to a considerable extent, the history of the national science and the formation of the national scientific community. It is a chronicle of the major discoveries and inventions in all fields of knowledge. It is the creation of the national system of education, the mastering and development of the productive forces of Russia, the strengthening of the defence potential and national security of the country. It shows finally a sizable contribution made by the Academy to the national spiritual and intellectual culture of the country. I hope that this publication will provide the readers with an objective idea of the history, role and place of the Russian Academy of Sciences as a unique scientific organization both of Russia and the world.

Yuri Osipov

President,

Russian Academy of Sciences

The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) has been set up as a top scientific establishment of the country.

The Academy is a community of prominent scientists: its academicians and corresponding members, other scientific workers and specialists employed in its institutions, and is the main centre of fundamental research in the field of natural sciences and the humanities in the Russian Federation. The Academy incorporates a wide network of research institutions and laboratories engaged in the study of basic fields of modern science. They accumulate the best scientific potential, world-famous scholars and gifted youth. The Academy includes also the science service and social support organisations.

The Academy is free to exercise control of the activity of its institutes, laboratories, enterprises and organisations, to set up the order of their activity and financing, and its own structure. The Academy management (the President, the Vice-Presidents, the Chief Academic Secretary, the members of the Presidium) are elected by the Academy General Assembly.

The Academy is guided by the Russian Federation legislation and its Statute approved by the General assembly of the Academy. It is headed by the President elected by secret ballot at the General Assembly out of its acting members.

Its Statute specifies the aims, goals and rights of the Academy of Sciences, the election procedure, rights and duties of the members, status and functions of the governing bodies, its departments and scientific centres, the sources of financing, the specifics of its composition and organization structure.

The Russian Academy of Sciences is structurally organized according to the scientific-and-industrial and territorial principle and incorporates the Departments involved in the studies of definite fields and branches of science, the regional divisions which unify the scientists working in the scientific institutions of the particular region of the country, and the regional centers.

At present 366 scientific institutions are integrated within the Russian Academy of Sciences.

To provide its scientific activity the Academy has buildings, structures, various equipment and meters, means of transportation and communication, as well as the property assisting the development of the RAS and the social support of the workers: apartment houses, polyclinics, hospitals, sanatoria, rest homes, holiday houses, hotels, ect.

 CENTRE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ADVANCED COMPUTING  ( C-DAC )

National PARAM Supercomputing Facility  (Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Pune, India)

Established in March 1988, as a Scientific Society of the Ministry of Information Technology (formerly Department of Electronics), Government of India, the Centre For Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), is primarily an R& D institution involved in the design, development and deployment of Advanced Information Technology (IT) products and solutions. C-DAC's operations are mission oriented and driven by its mission objectives.

The interaction between Russian scientists and their Indian counterparts has now considerably grown to tackle much more complex real life situations like simulation of forest fire, design of artificial heart valve, bio-engineeringand basic aerodynamic design of re-entry vehicles. In the meantime, C-DAC has completed designing and commissioning of many variants of PARAM supercomputers using faster processing nodes and including state-of-the-art technology in high performance computing. National PARAM Supercomputing Facility  (Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Pune, India)

The interaction between Russian scientists and their Indian counterparts has now considerably grown to tackle much more complex real life situations like simulation of forest fire, design of artificial heart

valve, bio-engineeringand basic aerodynamic design of re-entry vehicles. In the meantime, C-DAC has completed designing and commissioning of many variants of PARAM supercomputers using faster processing nodes and including state-of-the-art technology in high performance computing.

In order to re-enforce the scientific activities utilizing high performance computing through PARAM, it was decided to set up the Russian Indian Centre for Supercomputer at ICAD, Moscow. This Centre will install PARAM 10000 (UltraSPARC-ll as the processing node and the latest network switch) developed by C-DAC. To start with, C-DAC will install a scaled down version of the system having 128 Gflops with peak performance capabilities. This will help demonstrate the parallelization of scientific and engineering applications which will be subsequently optimized by new system software tools. The computing system will be further upgraded to, first 36 Gflops and then to 72 Gflops. The computing resources will be utilized by researchers for three-dimensional flow simulation and analysis of turbulence characteristics along with fluid structure interactive study. C-DAC will be very closely collaborating with ICAD and other Russian scientists for the relevant algorithmic development support. It is envisaged that this-supercomputing centre will help analyze many multi-disciplinary applications.

In a little over a decade since inception, C-DAC has developed a range of high performance parallel computers, known as the PARAM series of supercomputers. The latest in the series is the PARAM Anant, which is a low-cost supercomputing solution based on C-DAC's unique OpenFrame architecture for scalable and high-performance computing that incorporates the well-known Cluster of Workstations (COW) and Massively Parallel Processing (MPP) concepts. PARAM Anant is based on, off the shelf, low-cost, commodity processors and networks but provides a similar environment and features available with the more comprehensive and powerful PARAM 10000.

Presently, more than 50 installations of various PARAM systems exist in India & abroad.

Recognising the fact that it would not be possible for all academic, research facilities and other users in the country to have full-scaled PARAM systems, C-DAC has set up a National PARAM Supercomputing Facility (NPSF) at Pune. The facility houses the most powerful supercomputer built in the country, PARAM 10000 and facilitates researchers and other supercomputer users to use the same for their work. In addition to utilizing the system in-house, the PARAM may be accessed over wide area network.

C-DAC's expertise also extends to other related areas of Information Technology and includes pioneering work undertaken in the field of multilingual and multimedia technologies, education and training and developing IT based solutions in areas like Financial Modelling, Network and Internet Security, Real Time Systems, e-Governance, Geomatics, Digital Library and Artificial Intelligence.

C-DAC, evolved the Graphics and Intelligence Based Script Technology (GIST), with a view to extend the benefits of Information Technology to the vast and diversified multilingual population of India. Use of the GIST range of products has lead to the proliferation of the use of computers and their application in all major Indian languages Countrywide.

Some of the multilingual software products include LEAP office, GIST shell toolkit, GIST SDK, GIST Mail, iPlugin, ISM2000 Language learning software LI LA and Machine aided translation MANTRA tools are other products based on Artificial Intelligence.

C-DAC has undertaken a number of development projects in the area of Electronics and Information Technology, which have been assigned and sponsored by the Ministry of Information Technology, Department of Official Language (DOL), Department of Science and Technology (DST) and the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR).

As part of its business activities, C-DAC has executed projects, which are broadly categorized in the areas of:

• High Performance Computing Internet and Networking

• e-Governance

• Geomatics

• Banking and Finance Power

• Telecom

• Health

• Real Time System

C-DAC's Advanced Computing Training School (ACTS) is dedicated to creating high quality manpower for C-DAC in particular, and the IT industry in general by way of designing and delivering various courses. The courses are offered through a network of 85 Authorised Training Centres (ATC's) in India, besides the C-DAC's own centers in Pune, Delhi, Hyderabad & Bangalore.

 The courses currently offered by ACTS are:

Diploma in Advanced Computing (DAC)

Diploma in Business Computing (DBC)

Advanced Diploma in Information Technology (ADIT)

Diploma in Information Technology (DIT)

Co curricular Diploma in Advanced Computing (CoDAC)

Diploma in VLSI Design (DVLSI)

Diploma in Advanced Computing Arts (DACA)

Low Cost Multimedia Certificate (LCMC)

The National Multimedia Resource Centre (NMRC) of C-DAC is engaged in the development of tools and templates for fast and convenient designing of multimedia sites and web content design. As part of its initiative on Digital Libraries, C-DAC is developing the architecture and tools, standards and templates that will form the basis for archiving, querying, presenting and disseminating multimedia-based information.

C-DAC's website at www.cdacindia.com provides a window into the developments and activities at C-DAC. It also includes free downloadable versions of multilingual and multimedia software.

 Institute for Computer-Aided Design (ICAD RAS)

Institute (abbreviation ICAD) is affiliated with Russian Academy of Science (RAS). It was organized in 1987 on the basis of: -- some divisions of the Scientific Council on a complex problem “Cybernetics” - Computing Centre, both affiliated with the USSR Academy of Science, - Moscow Institute (University) of Physics and Technology (MIPT).

www.icad.mipt.ru >>

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1. Computational and informational technologies and their application to fundamental and applied research in various fields of knowledge (mechanics of continuous media, plasma physics, medicine, etc).

Development of mathematical models of the phenomena and processes, methods and algorithms of solution (including those for the computers with parallel architecture). On that basis – elaboration of the packages of applied programs and of the automated workplaces for:

Investigation of the processes and/or phenomena,

Expertise of the design or design decisions

Creation of the prototypes of real flying devices, automobiles, ships, high-speed trains

Construction of clean industrial rooms for various purposes, as well as for the study of

Dynamics of the atmospheric pollution of cities

Development of ways and means for fighting against the adverse atmospheric situations.

2. Fundamental and applied problems in connection development software for CAD and for with high-performance computers having parallel architecture.

3. Modeling and forecasting of the catastrophic phenomena. Development of software related to the use of the automated systems of special purposes and to the forecasting of real situations. Elaboration of methodology of creation of the expert systems for various subject domains (management, ecology, medicine). Complex application of expert systems and mathematical modeling for solution of certain fundamental or applied problems.

4. Fundamental and applied problems of development of complex CAD systems problems connected with microelectronics and with systems of superfast of the information, as well as with corresponding software.

5. Development of geoinformation systems for thematic processing and for the interpretation of data obtained through the remote sensing of the Earth aimed to the monitoring and management of territorial resources.

- Development the methods of forecasting the Nature phenomena and the evolution of its anomalies.

- Development of the methods of automatic detection and recognition of objects on the basis of visual data.

- Development of the fundamental methods for working out the automatic systems of cybernetic vision.

- Development of the medical expert systems for diagnostics and non-in-vivo means of an estimation of disease in cardiology, surgery and ophthalmology.

Postgraduate courses at ICAD RAS and at departments of MIPT: mathematical and information technologies, computational mathematics.

The joint laboratory of ICAD RAS and Moscow State University presents postgraduate course on the automation of modeling and control systems.

The research staff of ICAD RAS includes: 4 members of the Russian Academy of Science, 14 doctors of sciences and professors, 24 candidates of sciences.

- Research Centre “RusIndTech"- joint venture for the development of software and algorithmic maintenance for high-performance computers with parallel architecture

 - Joint laboratory (ICAD RAS- International Institute of Applied Technologies, Bruxelles, Belgium)

 - Joint laboratory for monitoring of the updating of atmospheric processes and of the adverse ecological situations (ICAD RAS, Moscow Committee for Ecology, Russian Academy for Ecology, Research Centre " Lidar"

 - Joint laboratory for the automation of modeling and control systems (ICAD RAS-Moscow State University)

A number of PC's of various generations;

Computers of average capacity (VAX, micro VAX).

The multiprocessor computer complex PARAM 8000 (128 processor), nominal performance 0,5 Gf.

The multiprocessor computer complex PARAM Open Frame (on the basis of processors Ultra SPARC 11-4 nodes, nominal performance 1.32 Gf.